Everything about Gadaa totally explained
Gadaa or
Gada is the traditional
social stratification system of
Oromo males in
Ethiopia and northern
Kenya; it's also practiced by the
Gedeo people of southern Ethiopia. Each
class, or
luba, consists of all of the sons of the men in another particular class. The entire class progresses through eleven different grades, each based on an eight-year cycle, and each with its own set of
rights and
responsibilities.
As of 1990, gadaa had active adherents only among the
Borana and
Guji groups near the Ethiopian-Kenyan border. Though the gadaa system itself is no longer widely practiced, it remains influential in Oromo society at large. Historically, it has been seen as a better method of governing than other forms in the region. However, the Gadaa had all the shortcoming and problems like that of the monarchial Oromo and monarchial non-Oromo Ethiopian systems of governance. In regions where the Oromo immigrated and conquested, including around the Sidama and Somali, the Gadaa system was oppressive in practice, though
De jure proclaimed as democratic and just in Oromo Oral tradition. According to
historian Ulrich Braukamper, minorities and those who assimilated, like the Hadiyya, were "considered to be of a lower social status than the 'pure' Oromo and didn't possess equal rights in the Gadaa system."
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